Severity: Notice
Message: Only variable references should be returned by reference
Filename: core/Common.php
Line Number: 257
This module calculates the minimum required pipe/pipeline wall thickness. The pipeline wall thickness must resist the stresses caused by the internal pressure. Various stresses due to internal pressure are hoop stress, longitudinal stress and the radial stress. Normally the most critical stress is the hoop stress so that the pipe wall thickness should be evaluated from the hoop stress equation.
In addition to the pipeline characteristics and pressure effects, the location class must be specified according to the ASME Standards. Such additional parameter alongside with the type of pipeline product is used in calculating the required wall thickness.
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